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991.
污泥膨胀状态下原生动物群落结构分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
系统研究了丝状菌膨胀与非丝状菌膨胀2种典型污泥状态下原生动物的群落结构特征及其演变规律。伴随丝状菌的大量增殖,原生动物总量相应减少,匍匐型纤毛虫及有壳类肉足虫数量迅速上升,占据明显的优势地位,典型原生动物为斜管虫(Chilodonella sp.)、小轮毛虫(Trochilia minuta)以及匣壳虫(Centropyxis sp.);非丝状菌污泥膨胀对原生动物总量及种群结构影响较小,伴随粘性菌胶团的大量出现,各功能类群的比例变化较小,但原生动物总量持续增加,其中菌食性纤毛虫呈线性增加,典型原生动物为钟虫(Vorticella sp.)。 相似文献
992.
氮掺杂氧化钛的简易制备及可见光催化活性的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为开发对可见光响应的催化剂,以尿素为氮掺杂剂,采用简易溶胶-凝胶法制备氮掺杂氧化钛,并以2,4-DCP的降解检验其光催化活性。XRD、BET、XPS和UV-Vis漫反射光谱分析表明,随着氮/钛原子比(N/Ti)的增大,各催化剂晶粒尺寸减小,比表面积增大,锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变得到抑制,除0#样品出现金红石相外,其他催化剂均只出现锐钛矿相;掺入催化剂的N位于晶格O位点和晶格间隙,替代N和间隙N掺杂使催化剂的光吸收发生明显的红移。荧光光谱分析表明,当N/Ti在0~6范围内增加时,反应体系中·OH自由基的产生速率增加,当N/Ti增大至8时,速率则下降。相似的规律也表现在氮掺杂量对光催化活性的影响。适量氮掺杂能增强氧化钛的可见光催化活性,该改性催化剂可用于有机污染物的太阳光激催化降解。 相似文献
993.
本文以天然钠基膨润土为原料,采用水溶液聚合法,在室温条件下,通过改性聚丙烯酰胺对膨润土进行直接插层改性,制备了一种新型聚丙烯酰胺改性膨润土防渗材料。以此防渗材料作为防渗层,选用沈阳大辛填埋场的垃圾渗透液为处理对象,在动态实验下,就其对实际垃圾渗滤液中主要污染物去除的有效性和控制垃圾渗滤液渗透的可行性进行研究。抗渗性能测试结果表明,改性膨润土防渗性能较好,渗透系数为1.0×10^-7cm/s,达到固体废物填埋场的防渗材料国家标准1.0×10^-7cm/s的使用要求。改性膨润土防渗层对COD、氨氮、重金属离子去除效果较好,吸附作用较强,COD和氨氮最大去除率分别达到81%和91%,TFe、Zn^2+和TCr的最大去除率分别达到71%、58%和73%。实验结果验证了本研究所制备的改性膨润土防渗材料具有优良的抗渗、截污性能。 相似文献
994.
The increasing volume of CO2 embodiment in international trade adds a layer of complexity to environmental policies and has raised arguments on the traditional production based responsibility for CO2 emissions. In order to help understand the quantity of CO2 embodiment in trade and its policy implications, this paper gives observations to recently emerging literatures that quantitatively discuss CO2 embodiment in trade. The analytical approaches share the principle of using input and output modeling but vary dramatically in study boundary and estimation accuracy. The calculations can be roughly categorized into three types: direct quantification of CO2 embodiments in multiregional trade, direct quantification of CO2 embodiment in bilateral trade, and indirect analysis by comparing the scenarios with or without trade. The practical estimations strongly rely on trade partner selection and data availability. An obvious imbalance of net CO2 embodiment in the commodity trade between major developed countries and developing economies as a whole was confirmed by these literatures. Carbon taxes and other possible limitations on CO2 emissions have been addressed. The consistency across the calculations could be enhanced by systematic analyses in more detail to convince the international community to take binding commitments for the reduction of global CO2 emissions. 相似文献
995.
F. Amato M. Pandolfi A. Escrig X. Querol A. Alastuey J. Pey N. Perez P.K. Hopke 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(17):2770-2780
Atmospheric PM pollution from traffic comprises not only direct emissions but also non-exhaust emissions because resuspension of road dust that can produce high human exposure to heavy metals, metalloids, and mineral matter. A key task for establishing mitigation or preventive measures is estimating the contribution of road dust resuspension to the atmospheric PM mixture. Several source apportionment studies, applying receptor modeling at urban background sites, have shown the difficulty in identifying a road dust source separately from other mineral sources or vehicular exhausts. The Multilinear Engine (ME-2) is a computer program that can solve the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) problem. ME-2 uses a programming language permitting the solution to be guided toward some possible targets that can be derived from a priori knowledge of sources (chemical profile, ratios, etc.). This feature makes it especially suitable for source apportionment studies where partial knowledge of the sources is available.In the present study ME-2 was applied to data from an urban background site of Barcelona (Spain) to quantify the contribution of road dust resuspension to PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations. Given that recently the emission profile of local resuspended road dust was obtained (Amato, F., Pandolfi, M., Viana, M., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Moreno, T., 2009. Spatial and chemical patterns of PM10 in road dust deposited in urban environment. Atmospheric Environment 43 (9), 1650–1659), such a priori information was introduced in the model as auxiliary terms of the object function to be minimized by the implementation of the so-called “pulling equations”.ME-2 permitted to enhance the basic PMF solution (obtained by PMF2) identifying, beside the seven sources of PMF2, the road dust source which accounted for 6.9 μg m?3 (17%) in PM10, 2.2 μg m?3 (8%) of PM2.5 and 0.3 μg m?3 (2%) of PM1. This reveals that resuspension was responsible of the 37%, 15% and 3% of total traffic emissions respectively in PM10, PM2.5 and PM1. Therefore the overall traffic contribution resulted in 18 μg m?3 (46%) in PM10, 14 μg m?3 (51%) in PM2.5 and 8 μg m?3 (48%) in PM1. In PMF2 this mass explained by road dust resuspension was redistributed among the rest of sources, increasing mostly the mineral, secondary nitrate and aged sea salt contributions. 相似文献
996.
Min Qin Pinhua Xie Hang Su Jianwei Gu Fumin Peng Suwen Li Limin Zeng Jianguo Liu Wenqing Liu Yuanhang Zhang 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(36):5731-5742
The temporal behavior of HONO and NO2 was investigated at an urban site in Guangzhou city, China, by means of a DOAS system during the Pearl River Delta 2006 intensive campaign from 10 to 24 July 2006. Within the whole measurement period, unexpected high HONO mixing ratios up to 2 ppb were observed even during the day. A nocturnal maximum concentration of about 8.43 ± 0.4 ppb was detected on the night of 24 July 2006. Combining the data simultaneously observed by different instruments, the coupling of HONO–NO2 and the possible formation sources of HONO are discussed. During the measurement period, concentration ratios of HONO to NO2 ranged from (0.03 ± 0.1) to (0.37 ± 0.09), which is significantly higher than previously reported values (0.01–0.1). Surprisingly, in most cases a strong daytime correlation between HONO and NO2 was found, contrary to previous observations in China. Aerosol was found to have a minor impact on HONO formation during the whole measurement period. Using a pseudo steady state approach for interpreting the nocturnal conversion of NO2 to HONO suggests a non-negligible role of the relative humidity for the heterogeneous HONO formation from NO2. 相似文献
997.
998.
999.
活性炭纤维负载TiO2光催化降解甲醛的影响因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用自制光催化气体反应器体系,以活性炭纤维负载TiO2作催化剂,在紫外光照射下模拟降解室内污染气体甲醛,测试了活性炭纤维负载TiO2催化剂的催化活性,探讨了紫外光光强、催化剂的酸度、反应器内湿度及反应时间等控制反应的主要因素对甲醛降解率的影响。结果表明,活性炭纤维与TiO2的协同作用大大提高了对甲醛的降解效果;紫外光强增倍对甲醛降解率有一定提高,但提高幅度仅为11.71%;活性炭纤维用pH=5的TiO2溶胶浸泡做催化剂对甲醛的降解效果最好,60 min内降解率达到68.37%;反应器内的湿度为81%甲醛降解率最高,反应60 min后达82.2%;随着反应时间的延长,甲醛降解率的上升幅度不断减小,最高只能达到94.59%。 相似文献
1000.
为了系统研究氮在深型地下土壤渗滤系统中的去除途径,本次实验采用直径30cm,高200cm的有机玻璃柱模拟地下土壤渗滤系统;柱内分层装填取自北京顺义的土壤。在水力负荷为8cm/d的条件下,取得了较好的脱氮效果;氨氮去除率为99.80%;TN去除率为83.68%。通过观察氮沿土柱深度的变化规律发现,在1.30m以上的区域随着氨氮浓度的降低硝氮浓度逐渐增大,同时总氮浓度也在不断降低,约有30.55%在此区域被去除;通过氮元素质量平衡证明这部分氮是通过厌氧氨氧化反应去除的。在1.30m以下反硝化反应是脱氮的主要途径,在此过程中难降解有机物被利用。 相似文献